Lesson 4: Symbols for the Vowel Sounds

We have now come across 15 vowels and 36 consonants. In this session, we would look at how words are formed by combining the sounds of these vowels and consonants.
First, let us see how this is done in English: to produce two different sounds using the same consonant, the corresponding vowel letter is added. For instance, consider the words, sip and seep, both starting with the same consonant, 's'. Changing the vowel from 'i' to 'ee' , has changed the sound to produce an entirely new word. This is what makes 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o' and 'u' so powerful and indispensible. (Recall your frustration while playing scrabble games with no vowels in hand).
In Malayalam, as already mentioned in the earlier lessons, vowel letters are substituted with certrain symbols, when they are used to change the sound of a consonant. These symbols are called as 'maatras', and can be used with any of the 36 consonants. This means, that for all practical purposes, the vowel letters you learnred in Lesson 2 are written as such, only when a word begins with a vowel. Within or at the end of a word, these symbols replace the vowel letter.
How many symbols? There are 15 vowels and therefore, there are 14 symbols. The first vowel sound, 'ah', need not be added to a consonant since the default sound of each consonant includes 'ah'. ( 'ka' = 'ka' + 'ah')
Show me the symbols